Introduction

With the transition towards electric mobility, the demand for EV charging infrastructure has surged. As organisations, including workplaces, schools, universities, and commercial units, plan to install charging stations, it is essential to navigate the regulatory landscape effectively. This document aims to clarify the requirements and procedures for installing both AC and DC charging stations on commercial and public properties.

Types of EV Charging Stations

EV charging stations are categorised into AC and DC types:

  • AC Charging Stations: Typically used for workplace, public, or residential charging, these stations offer slower charging speeds (up to 22 kW). They are usually connected to the vehicle’s onboard charger, which converts AC to DC to charge the battery.
  • DC Charging Stations: Also known as rapid or fast chargers, these stations provide higher power output (typically 50 kW to 400 kW). They bypass the vehicle’s onboard charger, delivering DC directly to the battery, enabling faster charging.

Do You Need Permission to Install EV Charging Stations?

  1. At My Workplace
    1. AC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: At workplaces, planning permission is sometimes required, especially if multiple chargers are installed or the site is in a conservation area. Employers must ensure that installations comply with local regulations regarding aesthetics, access, and safety. Consideration should also be given to the impact on employee parking arrangements.
      • ENA Applications: An ENA application may be necessary, particularly for large installations that significantly increase electrical demand. The local Distribution Network Operator (DNO) will assess the impact on the network. For smaller installations ENA applications may be notify only.
    2. DC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: Due to their size and the need for high-capacity connections, DC chargers almost always require planning permission at workplaces. The planning authority will consider factors like visual impact, employee and visitor safety, and potential traffic disruptions.
      • ENA Applications: A DC charger installation at a workplace will require an ENA application, as the high-power demand could necessitate upgrades to the local electrical infrastructure.
  2. At My School/University
    1. AC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: Schools and universities, particularly those with large campuses, typically need planning permission to install AC chargers. The installation must consider the safety of students, staff, and visitors, and comply with local planning requirements, particularly if the campus is in a protected or urban area.
      • ENA Applications: An ENA application may be required if the installation significantly impacts the electrical load on the campus, especially if multiple chargers are deployed. For smaller installations ENA applications may be notify only.
    2. DC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: Installing DC chargers at educational institutions will likely require planning permission due to their size and the infrastructure needed to support them. The planning process will consider factors like the visual impact on campus, safety considerations, and the charger’s location relative to pedestrian and vehicle traffic.
      • ENA Applications: Given the high-power requirements, DC chargers at schools or universities will require an ENA application. The DNO will need to evaluate the capacity of the existing network and may suggest necessary upgrades.
  3. At My Shop/Commercial Unit
    1. AC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: Shops and commercial units often require planning permission to install AC chargers, particularly if they are visible to the public or could impact pedestrian access. This is especially important in high-traffic areas or where multiple units are being installed.
      • ENA Applications: An ENA application may be needed if the installation increases the overall electrical demand of the commercial unit significantly. This is especially relevant if multiple chargers are installed. For smaller installations ENA applications may be notify only.
    2. DC Charging Stations:
      • Planning Permission: DC chargers at commercial units will almost always require planning permission due to their larger footprint and higher power requirements. The planning authority will assess the impact on the surrounding area, including considerations for traffic flow, public access, and visual impact.
      • ENA Applications: Installing a DC charger at a commercial unit will require an ENA application. The DNO will evaluate the local network’s capacity to handle the increased load and may require infrastructure upgrades to support the installation.
  4. AC Public Charging Installations
    AC public charging stations are increasingly being installed in various public locations, such as parking garages, shopping centres, on-street parking, and other public spaces. These installations play a vital role in supporting the growth of electric vehicles by providing accessible charging options to the public.
    1. Planning Permission for AC Public Charging Installations
      Planning Permission Requirements:
      • Public Impact: Since these chargers are installed in public spaces, planning permission is generally required to ensure they do not disrupt the public space, hinder access, or negatively impact the surrounding area.
      • Location and Aesthetics: Local authorities may assess the visual impact of the chargers, especially in heritage areas or locations with significant foot traffic. Chargers should be designed to blend with their surroundings where possible.
      • Accessibility: The installation must comply with accessibility standards to ensure that all users, including those with disabilities, can access the charging facilities. This may include considerations for space around the chargers, signage, and curb height.
    2. Application Process:
      • Engage Local Authorities: Early engagement with local planning authorities is essential to understand specific requirements and to ensure compliance with local regulations.
      • Submit Detailed Plans: Include comprehensive plans that outline the proposed location, charger specifications, and how the installation will meet local planning and accessibility requirements.
      • Public Consultation: As these installations affect public spaces, local authorities may conduct public consultations to gather feedback from the community.
    3. ENA Applications for AC Public Charging Installations
      Load Impact:
      • Network Considerations: Public AC charging stations, especially in clusters, can place a significant load on the local electricity network. The ENA application process ensures that the distribution network can accommodate this increased load without compromising service quality.
      • Multiple Chargers: When installing multiple AC chargers in a single location, an ENA application is almost always necessary. The DNO will assess the cumulative impact on the grid and may require infrastructure upgrades.

Application Procedure:

  1. Identify DNO: Determine the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) for the location where the chargers will be installed.
  2. Submit Application: Provide detailed information about the number of chargers, their power ratings, and expected usage patterns. The DNO will evaluate whether the existing network infrastructure can support the installation.
  3. DNO Assessment and Approval: The DNO will assess the application, possibly requiring upgrades to the local network to handle the increased load. This process can take several months, depending on the complexity of the installation.

The Public Charge Point Regulations 2023

The Public Charge Point Regulations 2023 were introduced by the UK government to ensure that the expanding network of public EV charging points meets minimum standards, enhancing the user experience and ensuring a reliable and accessible charging infrastructure across the country. These regulations apply to all public charging points installed in the UK and set out specific requirements for operators and installers.

  1. Key Requirements of the Regulations
    • Availability and Access:
      • Payment Methods: Charging points must support contactless payment options, making it easy for users to pay without needing a subscription or membership. This includes credit and debit card payments.
  2. Pricing Transparency:
    • Clear Pricing Information: The regulations require operators to provide clear and upfront pricing information. Users must be able to view the cost per kWh before initiating a charge, and any additional fees (e.g., connection or idle fees) must be clearly displayed.
    • No Price Discrimination: Operators cannot charge different prices based on payment method or subscription status. All users must have access to the same pricing structure.
  3. Data and Reporting Requirements:
    • Real-Time Data: Public charge points must provide real-time data on their availability and status. This data should be accessible to users through mobile apps, websites, or in-vehicle systems.
    • Regular Reporting: Charge point operators are required to submit regular reports to the relevant authorities, detailing usage statistics, downtime, and any maintenance issues. This ensures transparency and helps identify areas for network improvement.
  4. Reliability Standards:
    • Minimum Uptime: The regulations set a minimum uptime requirement for public charge points. Operators must ensure that chargers are operational for a certain percentage of time each year, with penalties for failing to meet these standards.
    • Maintenance and Repairs: Operators must have a robust maintenance and repair plan in place to minimise downtime and ensure that any faults are promptly addressed.
  5. Interoperability:
    • Cross-Network Compatibility: To improve user convenience, the regulations mandate that public charge points be interoperable across different networks. This means that users should be able to use a single app or payment method across multiple charging networks without needing separate accounts.
  6. Compliance and Enforcement
    • Compliance:
      Regular Inspections: Public charge points will be subject to regular inspections to ensure they meet the requirements set out in the regulations. Operators found to be non-compliant may face penalties or be required to make necessary upgrades or changes to their installations.
    • Enforcement:
      Penalties for Non-Compliance: Operators who fail to meet the standards set by the Public Charge Point Regulations 2023 may face fines or other enforcement actions. Continuous non-compliance could result in the suspension of operations until the necessary improvements are made.
    • User Reporting: EV users can report issues with public charge points, such as non-functioning units or unclear pricing, directly to the relevant authorities, prompting an inspection or review.
  7. Key Considerations Before Installation
    Before proceeding with the installation of EV charging stations, organisations should carefully consider several key factors to ensure compliance with regulations, cost-effectiveness, and long-term sustainability:
    • Location and Accessibility:
      • Choose locations that are easily accessible to users, including those with disabilities.
      • Consider the impact on pedestrian and vehicle traffic, ensuring that the installation does not create obstacles or safety hazards.
    • Power Supply and Infrastructure:
      • Assess the capacity of the existing electrical infrastructure to support the additional load from the charging stations.
      • Determine if upgrades to the electrical supply or network are necessary, particularly for high-power DC chargers.
    • Cost and Funding:
      • Evaluate the total cost of installation, including equipment, infrastructure upgrades, and ongoing maintenance.
      • Explore funding opportunities, such as government grants or incentives, to offset initial installation costs.
    • User Demand and Future-Proofing:
      • Estimate current and future demand for EV charging at your location, taking into account the growth of EV adoption.
      • Consider installing charging stations that can be easily upgraded or expanded as demand increases.
    • Regulatory Compliance:
      • Ensure that the installation meets all local planning requirements and complies with the Public Charge Point Regulations 2023.
      • Engage with the local planning authority and DNO early in the planning process to avoid delays and ensure all necessary permissions are obtained.
    • Environmental Impact:
      • Consider the environmental benefits of EV charging stations, including reducing carbon emissions and supporting the transition to sustainable transportation.
      • Ensure that the installation is environmentally friendly, with minimal impact on the surrounding area.

Conclusion

The installation of EV charging stations is a significant step towards supporting the transition to electric vehicles and reducing carbon emissions. However, it requires careful planning, consideration of regulatory requirements, and an understanding of the technical and financial implications. By following the guidance provided in this white paper, organisations can ensure a successful and compliant installation of AC and DC charging stations.

Compliance with the Public Charge Point Regulations 2023 is particularly crucial for public installations, ensuring that they meet the necessary standards for accessibility, reliability, and user experience. Early engagement with local authorities and the Distribution Network Operator, combined with careful site selection and future-proofing strategies, will help organisations maximise the benefits of their investment in EV charging infrastructure.

As the demand for electric vehicles continues to grow, the strategic deployment of charging stations will play a critical role in supporting this transition, enhancing the convenience and accessibility of EVs for all users.